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New Microsoft GH-500 Test Notes - Exam GH-500 Preparation
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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:
Topic
Details
Topic 1
- Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 2
- Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 3
- Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 4
- Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 5
- Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q76-Q81):
NEW QUESTION # 76
What YAML syntax do you use to exclude certain files from secret scanning?
- A. paths-ignore:
- B. branches-ignore:
- C. secret scanning.yml
- D. decrypt_secret.sh
Answer: A
Explanation:
To exclude specific files or directories from being scanned by secret scanning in GitHub Actions, you can use the paths-ignore: key within your YAML workflow file.
This tells GitHub to ignore specified paths when scanning for secrets, which can be useful for excluding test data or non-sensitive mock content.
Other options listed are invalid:
branches-ignore: excludes branches, not files.
decrypt_secret.sh is not a YAML key.
secret scanning.yml is not a recognized filename for configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 77
What combination of security measures helps to mitigate risks throughout the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)?
- A. Search for potential security vulnerabilities, detect secrets, and show the full impact of changes to dependencies
- B. Confidentially report security vulnerabilities and privately discuss and fix security vulnerabilities in your repository's code
- C. View alerts about dependencies that are known to contain security vulnerabilities
- D. Automatically raise pull requests, which reduces your exposure to older versions of dependencies
Answer: A
Explanation:
These three features provide a complete layer of defense:
Code scanning identifies security flaws in your source code
Secret scanning detects exposed credentials
Dependency review shows the impact of package changes during a pull request Together, they give developers actionable insight into risk and coverage throughout the SDLC.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Assuming that notification settings and Dependabot alert recipients have not been customized, which user account setting should you use to get an alert when a vulnerability is detected in one of your repositories?
- A. Enable all for Dependabot alerts
- B. Enable by default for new public repositories
- C. Enable all for Dependency graph
- D. Enable all in existing repositories
Answer: A
Explanation:
To ensure you're notified whenever a vulnerability is detected via Dependabot, you must enable alerts for Dependabot in your personal notification settings. This applies to both new and existing repositories. It ensures you get timely alerts about security vulnerabilities.
The dependency graph must be enabled for scanning, but does not send alerts itself.
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following is the best way to prevent developers from adding secrets to the repository?
- A. Create a CODEOWNERS file
- B. Configure a security manager
- C. Enable push protection
- D. Make the repository public
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best proactive control is push protection. It scans for secrets during a git push and blocks the commit before it enters the repository.
Other options (like CODEOWNERS or security managers) help with oversight but do not prevent secret leaks.
Making a repo public would increase the risk, not reduce it.
NEW QUESTION # 80
A secret scanning alert should be closed as "used in tests" when a secret is:
- A. In the readme.md file.
- B. In a test file.
- C. Not a secret in the production environment.
- D. Solely used for tests.
Answer: D
Explanation:
If a secret is intentionally used in a test environment and poses no real-world security risk, you may close the alert with the reason "used in tests". This helps reduce noise and clarify that the alert was reviewed and accepted as non-critical.
Just being in a test file isn't enough unless its purpose is purely for testing.
NEW QUESTION # 81
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